Genome-wide association study and development of molecular markers for yield and quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

BACKGROUND: This study aims to decipher the genetic basis governing yield components and quality attributes of peanuts, a critical aspect for advancing molecular breeding techniques. Integrating genotype re-sequencing and phenotypic evaluations of seven yield components and two grain quality traits across four distinct environments allowed for the execution of a genome-wide association study (GWAS). RESULTS: The nine phenotypic traits were all continuous and followed a normal distribution. The broad heritability ranged from 88.09 to 98.08%, and the genotype-environment interaction effects were all significant. There was a highly significant negative correlation between protein content (PC) and oil content (OC). The 10× genome re-sequencing of 199 peanut accessions yielded a total of 631,988 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with 374 significant SNP loci identified in association with the nine traits of interest. Notably, 66 of these pertinent SNPs were detected in multiple environments, and 48 of them were linked to multiple traits of interest. Five loci situated on chromosome 16 (Chr16) exhibited pleiotropic effects on yield traits, accounting for 17.64-32.61% of the observed phenotypic variation. Two loci on Chr08 were found to be strongly associated with protein and oil contents, accounting for 12.86% and 14.06% of their respective phenotypic variations, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis of these seven loci unraveled five nonsynonymous variants, leading to the identification of one yield-related candidate gene and two quality-related candidate genes. The correlation between phenotypic variation and SNP loci in these candidate genes was validated by Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, molecular markers were developed for genetic loci associated with yield and quality traits through a GWAS investigation of 199 peanut accessions across four distinct environments. These molecular tools can aid in the development of desirable peanut germplasm with an equilibrium of yield and quality through marker-assisted breeding.

Intergenic sequences harboring potential enhancer elements contribute to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome by regulating PITX2.

Recent studies have uncovered that non-coding sequence variants may relate to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), a rare developmental anomaly with genetic heterogeneity. However, how these genomic regions are functionally and structurally associated with ARS is still unclear. In this study, we performed genome-wide linkage analysis and whole-genome sequencing in a Chinese ARS family and identified a heterozygous deletion of about 570 kb (termed LOH-1) in the intergenic sequence between PITX2 and FAM241A. Knockout of LOH-1 homologous sequences caused ARS phenotypes in mice. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR revealed a significant reduction in Pitx2 gene expression in LOH-1-/- mice, while Foxc1 expression remained unchanged. ChIP-seq and bioinformatics analysis identified a potential enhancer region (LOH-E1) within LOH-1. Deletion of LOH-E1 led to a significant downregulation of the PITX2 gene. Mechanistically, we found a sequence (hg38 chr4:111,399,594-111,399,691) which is on LOH-E1 could regulate PITX2 by binding to RAD21, a critical component of the cohesin complex. Knockdown of RAD21 resulted in reduced PITX2 expression. Collectively, our findings indicate that a potential enhancer sequence which is within LOH-1 may regulate PITX2 expression remotely through cohesin-mediated loop domains, leading to ARS when absent. 2.

Deciphering the Performance Enhancement, Cell Failure Mechanism, and Amelioration Strategy of Sodium Storage in Metal Chalcogenides-Based Andes.

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) emerge as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), heralding a new era of energy storage solutions. Despite their potential, the mechanisms underlying their performance enhancement and susceptibility to failure in ether-based electrolytes remain elusive. This study delves into these aspects, employing CoS2 electrodes as a case in point to elucidate the phenomena. The investigation reveals that CoS2 undergoes a unique irreversible and progressive solid-liquid-solid phase transition from its native state to sodium polysulfides (NaPSs), and ultimately to a Cu1.8S/Co composite, accompanied by a gradual morphological transformation from microspheres to a stable 3D porous architecture. This reconstructed 3D porous structure is pivotal for its exceptional Na+ diffusion kinetics and resilience to cycling-induced stress, being the main reason for ultrastable cycling and ultrahigh rate capability. Nonetheless, the CoS2 electrode suffers from an inevitable cycle life termination due to the microshort-circuit induced by Na metal corrosion and separator degradation. Through a comparative analysis of various TMCs, a predictive framework linking electrode longevity is established to electrode potential and Gibbs free energy. Finally, the cell failure issue is significantly mitigated at a material level (graphene encapsulation) and cell level (polypropylene membrane incorporation) by alleviating the NaPSs shuttling and microshort-circuit.

Visual Detection of Road Cracks for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Deep Learning.

Detecting road cracks is essential for inspecting and assessing the integrity of concrete pavement structures. Traditional image-based methods often require complex preprocessing to extract crack features, making them challenging when dealing with noisy concrete surfaces in diverse real-world scenarios, such as autonomous vehicle road detection. This study introduces an image-based crack detection approach that combines a Random Forest machine learning classifier with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to address these challenges. Three state-of-the-art models, namely MobileNet, InceptionV3, and Xception, were employed and trained using a dataset of 30,000 images to build an effective CNN. A systematic comparison of validation accuracy across various base learning rates identified a base learning rate of 0.001 as optimal, achieving a maximum validation accuracy of 99.97%. This optimal learning rate was then applied in the subsequent testing phase. The robustness and flexibility of the trained models were evaluated using 6,000 test photos, each with a resolution of 224 × 224 pixels, which were not part of the training or validation sets. The outstanding results, boasting a remarkable 99.95% accuracy, 99.95% precision, 99.94% recall, and a matching 99.94% F1 Score, unequivocally affirm the efficacy of the proposed technique in precisely identifying road fractures in photographs taken on real concrete surfaces.

Multiscale Interface Engineering of Sulfur-Doped TiO2 Anode for Ultrafast and Robust Sodium Storage.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising electrochemical energy storage system; however, their practical application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics and interfacial instability of anode-active materials. Here, to circumvent these issues, we proposed the multiscale interface engineering of S-doped TiO2 electrodes with minor sulfur/carbon inlaying (S/C@sTiO2), where the electrode-electrolyte interface (SEI) and electrode-current collector interface (ECI) are tuned to improve the Na-storage performance. It is found that the S dopant greatly promotes the Na+ diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the ether electrolyte generates much less NaF in the cycled electrode, but relatively richer NaF in the SEI in comparison to fluoroethylene carbonate-contained ester electrolyte, leading to a thin (9 nm), stable, and kinetically favorable SEI film. More importantly, the minor sodium polysulfide intermediates chemically interact with the Cu current collector to form a Cu2S interface between the electrode and the Cu foil. The conductive tree root-like Cu2S ECI serves not only as active sites to boost the specific capacity but also as a 3D "second current collector" to reinforce the electrode and improve the Na+ reaction kinetics. The synergy of S-doping and optimized SEI and ECI realizes large specific capacity (464.4 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), ultrahigh rate capability (305.8 mAh g-1 at 50 A g-1), and ultrastable cycling performance (91.5% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 5 A g-1). To the best of our knowledge, the overall SIB performances of S/C@sTiO2 are the best among all of the TiO2-based electrodes.

TiB4 and SrB8 monolayers: high capacity and zero strain-like anode materials for Li/Na/K/Ca ion batteries.

Storage capacity, average open circuit voltage (OCV), diffusion barrier, lattice parameter changes, etc. are key indicators of whether a material would be suitable for use as a Li-ion or non-Li-ion battery (LIB or NLIB) anode. The rapid development of 2D materials over the past few decades has opened up new possibilities for these metrics. Using first-principles calculations, we prove that two 2D materials, TiB4 and SrB8, show excellent performance in terms of the above metrics when used as anodes for LIBs or NLIBs. As detailed, TiB4 has an Li\Na\K\Ca storage capacity of 588 mA h g-1, 588 mA h g-1, 588 mA h g-1, and 1176 mA h g-1, respectively, and SrB8 has an Li\Na\K\Ca storage capacity of 308 mA h g-1, 308 mA h g-1, 462 mA h g-1, and 616 mA h g-1, respectively, and they show good electrical conductivity whether existing Li, Na, K or Ca is adsorbed or not. The diffusion barriers on both surfaces are low, indicating good rate performance. The average OCV is also very low. In particular, the lattice parameters of the two materials change very little during the embedding of Li\Na\K\Ca. For Ti9B36 the corresponding values are about 0.37% (Li), 0.33% (Na), 0.64% (K) and 0.03% (Ca), and for Sr8B64 the corresponding values are about 0.70% (Li), 0.16% (Na), 0.13% (K) and 0.004% (Ca), which imply zero strain-like character and great cycling performance. All the above results show that TiB4 and SrB8 monolayers are very promising Li\Na\K\Ca ion battery anodes.

Transcriptomics reveal a molecular signature in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and identifies PAI­1 and MMP­9 as biomarkers in in vivo and in vitro studies.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as the primary driver of liver disease­induced fibrosis. The imperative need for noninvasive biomarkers to ascertain disease progression stage is evident. The present study elucidated the biological roles of hub genes that could potentially serve as diagnostic markers for NASH. Using an in vivo approach, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a high­fat and fructose diet (HFFD) for 6, 10, 14, 18 or 22 weeks. Serological biochemical indices were assessed and liver specimens were obtained to identify potential markers linked to the NASH process, employing a comprehensive strategy that combined transcriptomic and histopathological analyses. The HFFD regimen induced hyperlipidemia, obesity and insulin resistance, progressively culminating in NASH with fibrosis over time. The transcriptomic analyses indicated temporal patterns of pivotal gene sets intricately connected to NASH progression, which encompassed processes such as glucose homeostasis, inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species­mediated damage, lipid metabolism disruptions and the formation of fibrotic tissue. Among these genes, Serpine1 and Mmp9 demonstrated promising diagnostic potential for NASH, with their intrahepatic mRNA expression levels serving as robust indicators. Moreover, the levels of PAI­1 (encoded by the Serpine1 gene) and MMP­9 in the serum of mice demonstrated a parallel increase with the duration of HFFD intervention. In vitro experiments utilizing HepG2 cells further validated these findings, demonstrating a significant elevation in the protein expression levels of both PAI­1 and MMP­9 upon exposure to free fatty acids, in agreement with the results of the animal study. Consequently, PAI­1 and MMP­9 are promising noninvasive biomarkers for assessing the progression of NASH.

Acteoside alleviates blood-brain barrier damage induced by ischemic stroke through inhibiting microglia HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling.

Ischemic stroke (IS) can cause severe harm, inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptotic death. IS treatment efficacy remains limited, and microglia are important regulators of IS-related blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. It is thus vital that new therapeutic agents capable of targeting microglia be identified to treat IS-related damage to the BBB. Acteoside (ACT), which is a compound derived from Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight., offers promising bioactivity, but its ability to protect against central nervous system injury remains to be documented. To clarify the protective benefits and mechanisms through which ACT can protect against damage to the BBB, a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model system was herein employed. These in vivo analyses demonstrated that ACT was able to significantly reduce cerebral infarct size while improving their neurological scores and altering neurotrophic and inflammatory factor release. RNA sequencing and molecular docking studies highlighted the ability of ACT to exert its protective benefits via the HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 axis. Western immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining for tight junction proteins additionally confirmed the ability of ACT to preserve BBB integrity. The underlying mechanisms were then explored with an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in vitro with BV2 cells. This strategy thus confirmed that the ability of ACT to suppress microglial inflammatory and pyroptotic activity was HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 pathway-dependent. These data thus offer novel evidence that ACT can protect against IS-related damage to the BBB through the abrogation of inflammatory and pyroptotic activity, underscoring its promise as a novel lead compound for the therapeutic treatment of IS.

Relationship Between Dyadic Coping with Anxiety and Depression in Infertile Couples: Gender Differences and Dyadic Interaction.

Background: This study aims to examine the relationship between anxiety and depression and dyadic coping in infertile couples, exploring gender differences and dyadic interactions in these associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 288 couples recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University between November 2021 and November 2022. The Dyadic Coping Scale, Anxiety Scale, and Depression Scale were utilized to measure dyadic coping, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to analyze the actor effect and partner effect. Results: Wives exhibited significantly higher anxiety and depression scores compared to husbands (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in dyadic coping between wives and husbands. Positive dyadic coping in infertile couples had significant actor effects on anxiety and depression (p<0.05) and partner effects (p<0.05). Positive dyadic coping negatively predicted anxiety and depression of oneself and one's partner. Negative dyadic coping in infertile couples also had significant actor effects on anxiety and depression (p<0.05) and partner effects (p<0.05). Negative dyadic coping positively predicted anxiety and depression of oneself and one's partner. Conclusion: The dyadic coping style of infertile couples has both actor and partner effects on their own and their partner's anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression in infertile couples are influenced by their own and their partner's dyadic coping style, respectively. Therefore, dyadic coping serves as an important indicator for predicting psychological outcomes in these couples.

Theoretical prediction on net boroxene as a promising Li/Na-ion batteries anode.

Novel two-dimensional (2D) electrode materials have become a new frontier for mining electrode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs). Herein, based on first-principles calculations, we present a systematic study on the Li and Na storage behaviors in Calypso-predicted completely flat 2D boron oxide (l-B2O) with large mesh pores. We start our calculations from geometrical optimization, followed by a performance evaluation of Li/Na adsorption and migration processes. Finally, the specific capacity and average open-circuit voltage are evaluated. Our study reveals that l-B2O has good electrical conductivity before and after Li/Na adsorption and the Li/Na diffusion barrier height and average open-circuit voltage are both low, which is beneficial to the rate performance and full-cell operation voltage, respectively. Furthermore, it suffers a small lattice change (<1.7%), ensuring good cycling performance. In particular, we find that the Li and Na theoretical specific capacities of l-B2O can reach up to 1068.5 mA h g-1 and 712.3 mA h g-1, respectively, which are almost 2-3 times higher than graphite (372 mA h g-1). All the above outcomes indicate that 2D l-B2O is a promising anode material for LIBs and NIBs.

[Mechanism of Cistanches Herba in treatment of cancer-related fatigue based on network pharmacology and experimental verification].

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Cistanches Herba in the treatment of cancer-induced fatigue(CRF) by network pharmacology combined with in vivo and in vitro experiments to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical medication. The chemical constituents and targets of Cistanches Herba were searched from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). The targets of CRF were screened out by GeneCards and NCBI. The common targets of traditional Chinese medicine and disease were selected to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A visual signal pathway rela-ted to Chinese medicine and disease targets was constructed. The CRF model was induced by paclitaxel(PTX) in mice. Mice were divided into a control group, a PTX model group, and low-and high-dose Cistanches Herba extract groups(250 and 500 mg·kg~(-1)). The anti-CRF effect in mice was evaluated by open field test, tail suspension test, and exhaustive swimming time, and the pathological morphology of skeletal muscle was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The cancer cachexia model in C2C12 muscle cells was induced by C26 co-culture, and the cells were divided into a control group, a conditioned medium model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Cistanches Herba extract groups(62.5, 125, and 250 µg·mL~(-1)). The reactive oxygen species(ROS) content in each group was detected by flow cytometry, and the intracellular mitochondrial status was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), BNIP3L, and Beclin-1 were detected by Western blot. Six effective constituents were screened out from Cistanches Herba. The core genes of Cistanches Herba in treating CRF were AKT1, IL-6, VEGFA, CASP3, JUN, EGFR, MYC, EGF, MAPK1, PTGS2, MMP9, IL-1B, FOS, and IL10, and the pathways related to CRF were AGE-RAGE and HIF-1α. Through GO enrichment analysis, it was found that the main biological functions involved were lipid peroxidation, nutrient deficiency, chemical stress, oxidative stress, oxygen content, and other biological processes. The results of the in vivo experiment showed that Cistanches Herba extract could significantly improve skeletal muscle atrophy in mice to relieve CRF. The in vitro experiment showed that Cistanches Herba extract could significantly reduce the content of intracellular ROS, the percentage of mitochondrial fragmentation, and the protein expression of Beclin-1 and increase the number of autophagosomes and the protein expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3L. Cistanches Herba showed a good anti-CRF effect, and its mechanism may be related to the key target proteins in the HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Microbiome-metabolomics analysis reveals the potential effect of verbascoside in alleviating cognitive impairment in db/db mice.

Cognitive impairment is the main central nervous system complication of diabetes, affecting the quality of life of patients. Herba Cistanche is a homologous plant widely used as a health food and therapeutic drug. Verbascoside, a signature component of Herba Cistanche, has anti-diabetic and neuroprotective effects. However, it is quickly metabolized by the gut microbiota, and the mechanism of its neuroprotection and improvement of learning and memory remains unclear. We investigated the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of verbascoside on cognitive dysfunction in db/db mice using a 16S rRNA microbiome and serum metabolomics approach. We found that 12-week treatment with verbascoside significantly inhibited insulin resistance, reduced blood glucose and lipids, and improved cognitive deficits. In addition, verbascoside increased the gut microbiota diversity, improved intestinal dysbiosis, attenuated intestinal barrier disruption, reduced the levels of inflammatory factors, regulated the expression of the metabolites associated with cognitive function, and enhanced the central insulin sensitivity and hippocampal synaptogenesis signaling. We revealed that verbascoside induced the enrichment of Alistipes, Roseburia, and Intestinimonas in the gut, suppressed the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, increased the serum levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-glutamic acid, and L-lysine, and decreased taurine expression. Finally, a strong association between gut microbes, serum metabolites, and cognitive performance affected by verbascoside was observed. Our research suggests that alterations in gut microbes/metabolites are involved in the development of diabetic cognitive dysfunction, which is alleviated by verbascoside in the db/db mice through restructuring the gut microbiota composition, ameliorating diabetic metabolic disorders, and attenuating pathological brain damage.

Cistanche tubulosa alleviates ischemic stroke-induced blood-brain barrier damage by modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ischemic stroke (IS) has both high morbidity and mortality. Previous research conducted by our group demonstrated that the bioactive ingredients of the traditional medicinal and edible plant Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (CT) have various pharmacological effects in treating nervous system diseases. However, the effect of CT on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after IS are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to identify CT's curative effect on IS and explore its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IS injury was established in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Gavage administration of CT at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day was carried out for seven consecutive days. Network pharmacology was used for predicting the pathways and potential targets of CT against IS, and subsequent studies confirmed the relevant targets. RESULTS: According to the results, both neurological dysfunction and BBB disruption were exacerbated in the MCAO group. Moreover, CT improved BBB integrity and neurological function and protected against cerebral ischemia injury. Network pharmacology revealed that IS might involve neuroinflammation mediated by microglia. Extensive follow-up studies verified that MCAO caused IS by stimulating the production of inflammatory factors and microglial infiltration. CT was found to influence neuroinflammation via microglial M1-M2 polarization. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that CT may regulate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by reducing MCAO-induced IS. The results provide theoretical and experimental evidence for the efficacy of CT therapy and novel concepts for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic injuries.

Frankincense-Myrrh treatment alleviates neuropathic pain via the inhibition of neuroglia activation mediated by the TLR4/MyD88 pathway and TRPV1 signaling.

BACKGROUND: Neuroglia are important modulators of neuronal functionality, and thus play an integral role in the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropathic pain (NP). According to traditional Chinese medicine, Frankincense-Myrrh is capable of "activating blood and dissipating blood stasis", and as such these two biological compounds are commonly used to treat NP, however, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of such treatment are unclear. PURPOSE: This study aimed to further elucidate the protective effects associated with the Frankincense-Myrrh treatment of NP. METHODS: A chronic sciatic nerve compression injury (CCI) model of NP was established, after which animals were gavaged with Frankincense, Myrrh, Frankincense-Myrrh, or the positive control drug pregabalin for 14 days. Network pharmacology approaches were used to identify putative pathways and targets associated with the Frankincense-Myrrh-mediated treatment of NP, after which these targets were subjected to in-depth analyses. The impact of TLR4 blockade on NP pathogenesis was assessed by intrathecally administering a TLR4 antagonist (LRU) or the MyD88 homodimerization inhibitory peptide (MIP). RESULTS: Significant alleviation of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in response to Frankincense and Myrrh treatment was observed in NP model mice, while network pharmacology analyses suggested that the pathogenesis of NP may be related to TLR4/MyD88-mediated neuroinflammation. Consistently, Frankincense-Myrrh treatment was found to reduce TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65 expression in spinal dorsal horn neuroglia from treated animals, in addition to inhibiting neuronal TRPV1 and inflammatory factor expression. Intrathecal LRU and MIP delivery were sufficient to alleviate thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in these CCI model mice, with concomitant reductions in neuronal TRPV1 expression and neuroglial activation in the spinal dorsal horn. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that Frankincense-Myrrh treatment was sufficient to alleviate NP in part via inhibiting TLR4/MyD88 pathway and TRPV1 signaling activity. Blocking TLR4 and MyD88 activation may thus hold value as a means of treating NP.

Association of glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) genes polymorphisms with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease susceptibility: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been connected with the susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but with inconsistent results across the current evidences. The present work was schemed to explore the association between GSTs genes polymorphisms and the NAFLD vulnerability via meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang were retrieved for eligible literatures previous to March 10, 2021. The odds ratio (OR) of the dichotomic variables and the standardized mean difference of quantitative variables with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were computed to evaluate the strength of the associations. The quality of included studies were assessed via using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS: In total, 7 case-control studies encompassing 804 NAFLD patients and 1362 disease-free controls in this meta-analysis. Ultimately, this analysis included 6, 5 and 5 studies for GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, respectively. The pooled data revealed that the GSTs genes SNPs had conspicuous associations with NAFLD susceptibility: for GSTM1, null versus present, OR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.20 to 1.79, P = .0002; for GSTT1, null versus present, OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.68, P = .01; for GSTP1, Ile/Val or Val/Val versus Ile/Ile, OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.23 to 2.09, P = .0005. CONCLUSION: This work revealed that the GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1-Val genotypes might be related to increased NAFLD susceptibility.

Association of sorting and assembly machinery component 50 homolog gene polymorphisms with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease susceptibility.

BACKGROUND: Sorting and assembly machinery component 50 homolog (SAMM50) gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been connected with the susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but with inconsistent results across the current evidence. The present work was schemed to explore the association between SAMM50 gene SNPs and NAFLD vulnerability via meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang were retrieved for eligible literature previous to June 10, 2021. The odds ratios (ORs) of the dichotomic variables and the standardized mean difference of quantitative variables with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed to evaluate the strength of the associations. The quality of included studies was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS: In total, 8 case-control studies encompassing 6297 NAFLD patients and 7306 disease-free controls in this meta-analysis. Ultimately, this analysis included 8, 6, and 5 studies for rs2143571, rs3761472, and rs738491 polymorphisms respectively. The pooled data revealed that the 3 polymorphisms had conspicuous associations with NAFLD susceptibility: rs2143571, A vs. G, OR=1.51, 95% CI, 1.37-1.66, P < .01; rs3761472, A vs. G, OR=1.50, 95% CI, 1.35-1.67, P < .01; rs738491, A vs. G, OR=1.51, 95% CI, 1.40-1.63, P < .01. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that rs2143571, rs3761472, and rs738491 polymorphisms of the SAMM50 gene are appreciably associated with augmented risk of NAFLD vulnerability. It will provide the latest evidence to support the susceptibility of SAMM50 gene polymorphisms and NAFLD, and provide strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

A novel PHD2 inhibitor acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa induces skeletal muscle mitophagy to improve cancer-related fatigue.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether ACT exerts anti-fatigue activity against CRF by inducing skeletal muscle mitophagy via suppressing PHD2 to upregulate the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway. METHODS: In this study, the molecular docking virtual screening technique was used to screen active components in Cistanche tubulosa that act as potential PHD2 inhibitors; the preliminary verification was carried out by Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. BALB/c mice were treated with Paclitaxel (PTX, 10 mg/kg) and ACT (50, 100 mg/kg) alone or in combination for 20 days. Fatigue-related behaviors, energy metabolism and skeletal muscle mitochondria were assessed. Murine C2C12 myoblast was cultured and differentiated; then, a C26 tumor cell-conditioned medium was added to induce cachexia. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial microstructure and function, autophagy, PHD2/HIF-1 and PINK1/Parkin signal pathway proteins were analyzed. Then, interfering RNA technology was used to silence PHD2 and observe the efficacy of ACT. RESULTS: We demonstrated that ACT exerted good binding activity with PHD2; ACT administration ameliorated PTX-induced muscle fatigue-like behavior via improving muscle quality and mitochondria function, increasing mitophagy, upregulating COXIV, CytoC, PINK1, Parkin, HIF-1α and BNIP3 expression and inhibiting p62, LC3B, PHD2 and Beclin-1 expression. The protective effect of ACT disappeared after transfection with the PHD2 gene knockdown plasmid Egln-1-RNAi. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ACT can improve CRF by promoting mitophagy via suppression of PHD2 to remove dysfunctional mitochondria, demonstrating that ACT has huge prospects for clinical application in CRF treatment.

Corrigendum to "Antiliver Fibrosis Screening of Active Ingredients from Apium graveolens L. Seeds via GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/8321732.].

Therapeutic Potential of Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Management of Interstitial Lung Disease.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by lung fibroblast proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis-induced lung damage. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is known to be activated by pro-fibrotic/pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-13, whose levels are elevated in ILD. The overexpression of growth factors such as transforming growth factor ß1 in ILD activates the JAK/STAT pathway through classical or non-classical pathways, promotes macrophage activation, increases the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrosis factors, and facilitates fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. These findings implicate that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an important role in the course of ILD. Recent evidence also suggests that JAK inhibition alleviates excessive inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Accordingly, the JAK inhibitors may serve as promising drugs for the treatment of JAK/STAT-induced ILD.

Polysulfide Regulation by Hypervalent Iodine Compounds for Durable and Sustainable Lithium-Sulfur Battery.

Herein, a type of hypervalent iodine compound-iodosobenzene (PhIO)-is proposed to regulate the LiPSs electrochemistry and enhance the performance of Li-S battery. PhIO owns the practical advantages of low-cost, commercial availability, environmental friendliness and chemical stability. The lone pair electrons of oxygen atoms in PhIO play a critical role in forming a strong Lewis acid-base interaction with terminal Li in LiPSs. Moreover, the commercial PhIO can be easily converted to nanoparticles (≈20 nm) and uniformly loaded on a carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffold, ensuring sufficient chemisorption for LiPSs. The integrated functional PhIO@CNT interlayer affords a LiPSs-concentrated shield that not only strongly obstructs the LiPSs penetration but also significantly enhances the electrolyte wettability and Li+ conduction. The PhIO@CNT interlayer also serves as a "vice current collector" to accommodate various LiPSs and render smooth LiPSs transformation, which suppresses insulating Li2 S2 /Li2 S layer formation and facilitates Li+ diffusion. The Li-S battery based on PhIO@CNT interlayer (6 wt% PhIO) exhibits stable cycling over 1000 cycles (0.033% capacity decay per cycle) and excellent rate performance (686.6 mAh g-1 at 3 C). This work demonstrates the great potential of PhIO in regulating LiPSs and provides a new avenue towards the low-cost and sustainable application of Li-S batteries.